Second Generation Sequencing (NGS)
This above figure shows how the Second Generation DNA sequencing works. Like sanger, they use dyes for each nucleotide, but this process is repeated automatically by the machine.
This image shows just how much DNA sequencing throughputs have increased. According to Moore's law, the number of transistors that can be put on an IC doubles every two years which means doubled processing power. This figure shows how the machines have greatly surpassed Moore's law by tripling output in 2009. The throughput increased 12 fold from 2009-2012
Second Generation Sequencing is part of Next gen sequencing and is focused on providing higher throughput powers to sequence entire genomes many times over. These technologies are essential to the ENCODE project as they can easily sequence any given region of a target strand of DNA. However, these machines do not have the capability to identify the functionality of DNA sequences. Scientists and researchers must look at Histone modifications, DNA methylation, and promoter regions to identify the functional elements in the sequence.